Chloroplasts are essential organelles found in plant cells, responsible for photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose. These membrane-bound structures contain chlorophyll, the pigment that captures light energy from the sun. Within the chloroplasts, there are several compartments, including the thylakoid membranes, where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur. Here, light energy is used to split water molecules, releasing oxygen as a byproduct and generating energy-rich molecules such as ATP and NADPH. These energy carriers then power the Calvin cycle, which takes place in the stroma of the chloroplast. In this cycle, carbon dioxide is fixed and reduced to produce sugars and other organic molecules necessary for plant growth and metabolism. Chloroplasts also play a crucial role in regulating cellular processes through signaling pathways and contributing to plant responses to environmental cues. Additionally, chloroplasts have their own DNA and machinery for protein synthesis, suggesting their endosymbiotic origin from ancient cyanobacteria. Understanding chloroplast biology is fundamental not only for comprehending plant physiology but also for exploring applications in agriculture, bioenergy, and biotechnology, as researchers seek to harness the potential of these organelles for sustainable food production and renewable energy sources.
Title : Exploring the genetic diversity in tannin-rich forages to explain the large intra species variability in tannin content
Selina Sterup Moore, Aarhus University, Denmark
Title : Isolation and functional properties of biomolecules of plants and its application
Balagopalan Unni, GEMS Arts & Science College (Autonomous), India
Title : Primed for the future: PGPR and the promise of sustainable, heritable crop resilience
Prashant Singh, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), India
Title : Revealing allelic variations in candidate genes associated with grain yield under salinity stress between two contrasting rice genotypes
Nisha Sulari Kottearachchi, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka
Title : Adaptive strategies of Aristida L. species across ecological zones of Pakistan: Linking soil characteristics with morphological and physiological traits
Iram Ijaz, University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan, Pakistan
Title : Ethnobotanical survey and abundance of weeds in selected Manihot esculenta (cassava) Crantz farms in Osun state, Nigeria
Dada Caleb Mayokun, University of Ibadan, Nigeria